Get A Clue About Your Health Through Your Urine

Centuries ago, physicians assumed that they can determine the presence of a disease by merely looking at a flask of patient's urine. Nowadays, we already have laboratories and other gadgets to know what a person is suffering from. However, many still believe that one can somehow get a clue of his or her health condition simply by looking at the color and texture of urine. In fact, some researchers claim that with a cup of urine, one can identify the lifestyle, diet, heredity and many other factors about the person whom the urine sample came from.

The main composition of urine includes water and some dissolved toxins and waste materials from the things that you have been eating and drinking. It is also natural to have traces of some dead cells in your urine, which your body wants to get rid of. The normal color of urine should be light yellow. It is important to note that if you have piss that has a different color, there is a possibility that something is wrong with your health. Here are some urine colors which should raise a red flag about your health. So watch out.
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Transparent Urine

People who drink a lot of diuretics, such as beer or coffee, usually have very clear or transparent urine. There is actually nothing wrong with this color, so you don't have to panic and rush to your doctor, especially if you have been drinking out with your friends.

Reddish Hue

A pink or reddish hue is not a very good sign. The usual cause of your urine's reddish tint may be internal bleeding. If you have been having this type of urine, you need to go to a doctor and have yourself checked because you might be suffering from kidney stones, bladder infection, or small bladder stones. Sometimes, injury to the kidneys or bladder could also cause the urine to turn reddish. This is common to professional boxers, especially after a big fight.

If you have eaten quite a number of beets or blackberries, you can also have urine with pinkish hue. Even rhubarb or pills and candies that contain red dye can briefly turn your urine red.

Although not very common, mercury or lead poisoning can also put a reddish hue on your urine. That is why it is best to visit a doctor if you see pinkish or reddish urine, especially if you have not eaten any of the foods enumerated above. Toxic metals are harmful and need to be flushed out of your system immediately.

Greenish Shade

If you are taking medications, your urine might turn green. However, if you are not drinking any pill, you could be having bile problems or urinary tract infection. Sometimes, a surplus of B vitamins in your system can also give your urine the green tinge.

Brown Urine

Doctors will flip if they see that your urine has turned brown. If you are not in the hospital at this moment, then it would be better to run to the nearest emergency facility now. Brown urine usually indicates a serious problem in your liver. People who have melanoma cancer, liver conditions, hepatitis or copper poisoning are the ones who have brown piss. However, do not panic if you have recently taken laxative or eaten fava beans because these things can also temporarily turn your piss brown.

Yellow Urine

People who do not drink enough fluids usually have yellow urine. If, aside from having yellow urine, you feel bloated or swollen, then you might be suffering from dehydration. The best way to beat dehydration is by drinking plenty of water.

Sometimes, however, women feel bloated and swollen because of hormonal imbalance. If this is the case, then you can drink natural supplements that beat water retention, just like Expelis.

Amair Singh

This is certainly about the best team possible. I may have liked Amar Singh in place of Srinath not because he was from my time or that I had seen him. It probably has to do with what Len Hutton and Wally Hammond, two the greatest batsmen of all time had to say of him after having faced him in England and India. Even if it was probably the form to heap praise on their opponents in those days,Sir Leonard, a bred in purple Yorkshireman and Walter Hammond often considered as England's own Bradman, it seems an honest tribute that they paid to Ladhabhai Amar Singh in his prime. The Kathiawari just cannot be ignored.He was probably India's Kieth Miller or MIke Procter. Unfortunate that we are so influenced by the present and our success. Dhoni is very very good I know and his luck and talent have contributed in no small measure to India's present pre-eminence. But if we are to be objective Kirmani was simply the best wicket keeping all rounder we have had.



Dhoni???!!!! What rubbish!! This proves that Kirmani is seriously underrated- even by the experts. Besides, he kept(better than Dhoni ever will) to Prasana, Kapil, Chandrashekar( which would have been similar to keeping for kumble) and Bedi(again similar to Mankad). He would have been a far better choice.



In 2012 Tendulkar became a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper chamber of the Indian parliament—the first active athlete to join that body. In 2014 he became the first sportsman to receive India’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna.



Except Sharda Ugra, rest of the jury members all got it wrong proving they are no different than the original bunch of jokers.How can any one with good cricketing common sense not pick Laxman. Laxman's average is comparable to the best if his stats as opener are taken away. Moreover the value and stability that Laxman provides to the Indian Middle order can never be measured by stats alone. It is only since Laxman returned to the middle order from being a reluctant opener that India started winning test matches consistently both at home&away and importantly not loosing as many as before. He has been the best crisis man for team India. Most people seem to only remember his magical 281 but he has made innumerable contributions on several occasions to be the difference between a win/draw versus loosing a test match. I would also pick Zaheer Khan as 12th man,he would replace Prasanna/Kumble on pitches conducive to seam bowling both home&away. My captain would be Gavaskar & keeper Kirmani.
https://youtu.be/0IaGlAad8c0
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This is absolutely absurd. Well no the whole team but, the middle order seems to me a bit out of whack. Specifically the inclusion of Vijay Hazare and Vinoo Mankad over the likes of Azhar and Vangsarkar or Vishwanath. For anyone tgo tell me, at least those who saw Vishy and Azhar play, for anyone to tell me that Vijay Hazare and Mankad were better than those two in any category on any surface against any opossition is absolutely absurd. And did I freaking miss something, no Tendulkar???? Are you guys out of your mind?????

An Indian cricketer has become the first man in the world to score 300 runs in a Twenty20 match. 21-year-old Mohit Ahlawat hit a triple-century for Maavi XI off just 72 balls in a Friends Premier League match against Friends XI at Delhi’s Lalita Park. While the match has no official status, Mohit’s innings is still believed to be the first time any batsman has recorded 300 runs in a T20 match. The match scorecard revealed Mohit hit an astonishing 39 sixes and 14 fours, meaning he ran just 10 of his 300 not-out, which helped Maavi XI post a score of 416-2 from their 20 overs – also thought to be a world record. In reply, Friends XI scored a respectable 200, though fell short of their target by a hefty 216 runs. Read more The paradox of T20 cricket must be addressed - it's time for change Mohit’s record-breaking innings soared past the professional record for a highest T20 score, which belongs to West Indies batsman Chris Gayle after he scored 175 runs off 66 balls for the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League. Australia’s Aaron Finch holds the international record with his 156 off 63 balls against England. Sri Lankan Dhanuka Pathirana held the previous best T20 score in the world, having hit 277 off 72 balls in a local Lancashire T20 league match in 2007. Despite his innings being laden with boundaries – a 74% boundary rate on balls faced – Mohit revealed afterwards that he still tried to build an innings in order to avoid being undone by the new ball. Innings by numbers 300 - runs scored 39 - sixes scored 14 - fours scored 10 - runs actually ran 10 - dot balls “The attack was good but after seeing off the new ball, I decided to just bat aggressively and was really timing the ball well,” he told ABP Live. Not content with 250 off 18 overs, Mohit set his sights on a triple-century, and blundered 50 off the final two overs which included 34 off the last six balls. “I saw the scoreboard, and I was nearing my 200 with five overs to go, so I decided to go for the kill,” Mohit added. “I reached 250 with just two overs to go, I told my partner, ‘let me try if I can make 300’, and I got 30 off the last over.” Scorecard of Delhi's Mohit Ahlawat's 300 runs in a T20 match. @mohanstatsman pic.twitter.com/RM2AbldY4S — Umang Pabari (@UPStatsman) February 7, 2017 Despite not being a registered professional cricketer, Mohit has not stopped that from throwing his name into the hat for the upcoming Indian Premier League. “Yes, I have put my name in IPL auction but I am not sure if this knock will help make people notice me.” More about: Cricket India cricket T20 Reuse content Comments

Chetan Chauhan’s top-scoring, second innings 85 came after India batted 182 runs in arrears in the first innings. He and Gavaskar had a 165 run partnership, till Gavaskar was wrongly given out to Lillee – which resulted in a famous brain freeze by the great opener. He almost dragged Chauhan back into the pavilion, but cooler heads prevailed. An inspired Indian team batted well thereafter to set Australia 143 to win. But on a wearing pitch, Australia collapsed for 83 and India levelled the series 1-1. The first time India levelled a series in Australia, and since then, 34 years on, India has only managed that once more.

That six of the XI made their debuts after November 1989, when Tendulkar first announced himself to the world, is a tribute to the Mumbai man's impact. Golden Ages must have their iconic figure and Tendulkar is clearly the one here, both for what he has accomplished himself and for his qualities that inspired the others.

“I saw the scoreboard, and I was nearing my 200 with five overs to go, so I decided to go for the kill,” Mohit added. “I reached 250 with just two overs to go, I told my partner, ‘let me try if I can make 300’, and I got 30 off the last over.”

3) Sunil Gavaskar (Batting average 51.12) The most consistent Indian batsman ever also predictably has the highest New Ball Impact – he was one of the most accomplished opening batsmen in history. Despite some landmark successes, the Indian team’s mindset was much more defensive in his time, thus reducing the potential for SDs relative to the Indian teams of the 2000s. Moreover, two of Gavaskar’s greatest innings (221 vs England, and 96 vs Pakistan – his last Test innings) narrowly missed being SD performances by 9 and 16 runs respectively; if they had even been scored by his colleagues, it would have given him an impact neck-to-neck with Tendulkar’s. Gavaskar gave Indian cricket a spine in the 1970s and was their highest impact batsman right through his career. Most interestingly, he was India’s highest impact batsman ever till early-2002, when Dravid overtook him (and then increased the gap dramatically). Despite Tendulkar’s stunning individual performances in the mid-late-1990s, he never overtook Gavaskar, till his own high impact phase between 2008 and 2011. It is one of the most interesting aspects of Indian cricket when you look at impact in a team context.

Jadeja’s stunning performance, which included 7-48 in the second innings as India won by an innings and 75 runs, catapulted him over four players in the rankings to sit just eight ranking points shy of Aswhin, who remains the world’s No.1 Test bowler.

what a joke? This 11 is based on international record or domestic first class record? Laxman, Zaheer and harbhajan should be in the team instead of hazare, Mankad, and Prasanna. Look their international record and how many game they won forIindia.
https://www.cricketwatchdogs.com
He was not a stylist in the Ranji form, and was frequently overshadowed by his illustrious team-mates Jack Hobbs and Wally Hammond - but there was no denying the effectiveness of his method. He could guts it out with the best of them if conditions dictated and they frequently did against the likes of Grimmett and O'Reilly - two of the best spinners in cricket history. He did not have the classic Hammond cover drive but rather the jab past point, but really came into his own on difficult wickets.

VVS Laxman is in fairly good form of late. Batting lower down the order, the right-hander invariably comes up with match-saving, or match-winning, innings. He is rightly referred to as the 'Very Very Special' player.

@cricinfans: You r wrong. Bowling means not always super fast bowling. Having three specialist, unique and match winning spinners will never make a team worst. This India XI bowling is very competitive, with very strong spin dept. and fair medium fast bowling.
https://www.cricketwatchdogs.com/2017/06/15/pakistan-beat-england-now-battle-cricket-matches-india-vs-pakistan/
Share Written by Liam Sanders, PhD Researcher, Loughborough University December 20, 2016 Quartz india With a victory over England in the fourth Test match by an innings and 36 runs, India’s cricket team has secured its fifth consecutive Test series win and have now gone over four years without losing a test match on home soil—a run of 18 matches. Throughout this period we witnessed the meteoric rise of Ravichandran Ashwin, India’s prize Test match finger spin bowler. Ashwin, now the no.1 ranked bowler in world cricket has amassed 15 five-wicket hauls in Tests, the highest for any bowler in two successive calendar years. In September, he became the second-fastest bowler to claim 200 Test wickets in his career. Statistics aside, success on the world stage is not a matter of chance, quite the contrary. Ashwin’s journey is a culmination of his technical refinement, innovation, and the teammates who bowl alongside him. Refining the technique While there are many facets that contribute to a successful spin bowler, imparting a high number of revolutions on the ball is seen as critical and the main cause for both the ball’s “drift” in the air and deviation off the pitch. Coupled with the ability to pitch the delivery in advantageous areas, elite finger spin bowlers such as Ashwin play an integral role in the success of teams competing in the international game. A forthcoming study on the biomechanics of elite finger spin bowling, led by myself and my colleague, Mark King, at Loughborough University in conjunction with the England and Wales Cricket Board, profiled 30 elite male finger spin bowlers over a four-year period (including the English spinners Graeme Swann, Monty Panesar and James Tredwell). Our team of researchers explored the technical factors within a bowling action that influence the rate at which a ball spins. Highly advanced motions of the pelvis are paramount to producing high spin rates to the ball. The team observed very strong positive relationships between the orientation of the bowler’s pelvis and the rate at which the ball spins during flight, particularly at the instance of front foot contact and ball release. These findings created a compelling argument that highly advanced motions of the pelvis are paramount to producing high spin rates to the ball and therefore that spin bowling should not be solely thought of as an upper arm skill. The movement during the ball’s flight is due to its “lift” or Magnus force, which affects the way a ball reacts during motion. This movement occurs because on the side of the ball which is advancing due to the spin motion the air flow is slowed down, creating a high-pressure region. On the other, receding side, it creates a low-pressure region. The difference in pressure causes a “lateral” force perpendicular to the ground and a lateral movement of the ball during flight. This is known as drift. The force of the lift will vary in direction and magnitude and depends on the amount of spin and the axis along which the ball is spinning. In addition, cricket balls have a seam, and spinners commonly apply spin along the line of this seam to help their grip on the ball. This means the spin axis is commonly kept perpendicular to the direction of the seam, promoting a stable seam position and the possibility of the ball deviating off the seam the moment it hits the pitch. When the ball meets the pitch surface, particularly in India (due to drier pitches creating high friction between the ground and the ball), this commonly creates large lateral deviation and a heightened challenge to the opposing batsman. In 2016, Ashwin’s front foot is now directed toward the opposing batsman with an optimal pelvis orientation at ball release. (AP/Altaf Qadri)Coming back to Ashwin, since 2012 he has noticeably made a number of key technical changes to his bowling action to improve alignment and promote a transfer of momentum throughout his delivery stride. In 2016, he now bowls with a slightly open pelvis orientation when his front foot hits the ground. This differs to the strictly side-on, or at times closed-off pelvis orientation that he used when releasing the ball back in 2012. He now has the ability to rotate his pelvis effectively and efficiently, promoting the transfer of kinetic energy from the pelvis to the hand as he releases the ball, and so injecting greater spin onto the ball. Partnerships and pace Humility is a strong virtue in any individual. With this in mind, Ashwin’s rise to stardom has to be partly credited to his orthodox left-arm spin partner, Ravindra Jadeja. Between November 2015 and the end of the fourth Test against England in mid-December 2016, India’s star duo had accumulated the most wickets in Test cricket—an incredible 124. The pair is unrelentingly accurate, with Jadeja mounting great pressure, bowling 53 maidens (an over, or six consecutive deliveries where no run is scored) in the current series against England alone. The speed at which the ball is released also plays a significant role in the success of an elite spin bowler. When a new, competent batsman enters the crease, they use the idiosyncratic cues provided by the bowler, such as the release velocity, height, and angle of preceding deliveries. This forms a mental template of the ball’s trajectory—essentially an attempt to predict the trajectories of the deliveries to follow. Here, Ashwin’s subtle variation of the speed and the axis around which he spins the ball comes into play. He commonly delivers his stock ball with an initial release speed around 54mph. Variations of pace close to this speed may exploit a batsman’s mental template and take advantage of the batsman’s subtle “blindness” to length and speed. This can create a fatal weakness in judgement, particularly for any new batsman at the crease. The new batsman’s ability to tell what speed and trajectory the ball will arrive is now sub-optimal, meaning vital mistakes are made in deciding whether to come forward or back when playing the ball. This can result in a quick return to the dressing room. Innovation Ashwin can also be considered as one of the modern game’s great innovators through his use of a unique delivery known as the “carrom” or “sodukku ball,” meaning “snapping of fingers” in the Tamil language. When delivering the carrom ball, Ashwin spins the ball using half as many revolutions as he would with one of his regular deliveries. The ball is released out of the front of the hand as opposed to the side, using the middle digit to impart spin. As a result, it is very difficult for the opposing batsman to distinguish and therefore a dangerous tool of deception. With this magnitude of spin, the ball’s trajectory is much straighter and results in many wickets as the opposing batsman often plays down the wrong line of trajectory. As a result, Ashwin, who is one of the very few operators of this delivery in the world game, has one of the highest percentages of dismissals for leg before wicket in Test cricket to date. All this has combined to make Ravichandran Ashwin one of the most effective bowlers in today’s modern game. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. We welcome your comments at ideas.india@qz.com. Most Popular Open-minded people have a different visual perception of reality Read full story

sneaky

This is a really sneaky one- eg if you are trying to promote power tools, call it a 'power tools review website'. Then add all your competitors to the directory. Add some content over the next few weeks, then after a few weeks, change the website to say that all links on the site require a $199 inclusion fee, and then report all the competitor sites on the directory as paying for links. – this is an example of negative SEO which is difficult to ban you for

Buying followers may seem like a great idea to make it look like you’re in with the in crowd, but all it actually means is no engagement and the risk of infecting any true followers with malware in some instances. There’s no positives to it and it’s easy to tell those that have, as they have a Twitter following filled with faceless profiles. Organically obtaining a following isn’t necessarily an overnight affair, but it’s worth it in the end.



CommunityBestFebruary 26th, 2015I love picking up media links. The best way to get them is to be an authority on a subject, and that usually means WRITING posts that illustrate some expertise on the matter. A PR agency is a great way of getting you these types of links – they have the contacts. Legitimate PR is one of the most valuable assets in your link earning strategy.



Content, content. It’s the kingpin of the internet and all SEO efforts. We mentioned text spinners before and whilst a small proportion of these can be effective, it’s still a very dodgy idea to use them. To illustrate, I’m going to take some of the text from this article and put it into a free, online text spinner to show you the results.



Another “joy” of the over-optimization game is taking abuse of irrelevant keywords just to rank. Just to make myself clear let’s say you like to play poker, but we know you are bluffing, just like your visitors will do when they enter your site, and they will run like bats out of hell. And your CTR will suffer. Gaining traffic by using lots of unnecessary keywords to rank won’t work. Cheating, like in every relation, is punished, and Google will take you/your site down. I get that you have plenty of topics in your niche, but stay there, don’t jump the garden to your neighbor. The dog will bite you! You might lose users that could have become clients, and they will buy from your competitors. That happened just because you weren’t honest with them.

If you do suck at black hat SEO, or just do it to make money and suck at it, well you’re a very, very special type of SEO. You, my friend, are an asshat SEO. Asshat SEOs aren’t SEOs at all, but they make money using our techniques while making the rest of us look bad.

(Even though we’re specifically talking about articles here, you can apply this idea to any page on your website — homepage, about page, contact page, etc. The ranking benefits will be the same.)

Garrat, I think you missunderstood. I was referring to targeting keywords that are similar and should all point to one page. To use your example, having a separate page or “window tinting” and “window tint”. I was referring to a very specific example I’d seen where a national restaurant made a page for each and every zipcode and city, even if there wasn’t a restaurant in that location. Regarding your “I lol’ed” comment. I’m not sure if this was supposed to be condescending or not, but all the examples above were based on real scenarios. Cheers, -Peter Reply

Since Google has found many ways of getting rid of those who manipulate the right way of reaching the top of SERP, people get way more creative and not in a good way, but by trying new methods of cheating. And that is how the practice of sending free products in exchange for reviews with links appeared. Don’t get me wrong; it’s ok to ask your clients for a review, but not with links. Using this technique in an excessive way could get you down, rather than up in the search results. And don’t get me started about the fake reviews that appear on your site with the sole purpose of gaining trust, which brings exactly the opposite if you get caught, which happens most of the times. An example in this area is TripAdvisor. An Italian newspaper created an account for a fake restaurant in Italy to see if TripAdvisor’s review moderation and fraud detection team will discover it. The restaurant, named Scaletta got lots of fake reviews and started to look like a real place. After a month it was rated the best restaurant in town. The experiment ended when the newspaper sent a message to TripAdvisor explaining their intent and proved that TripAvisor’s reviewing system is defective.

White hat, Gray hat en Black hat SEO White hat, Gray hat en Black hat SEO White hat SEO en black hat SEO Er zijn honderden methodes om hoger in Google te komen. Sommige SEO’ers verdelen (vroeger) deze methodes in 3 groepen. Die groepen zijn White hat, Gray hat en Black hat SEO. Laten we even nalopen wat ze ermee bedoelen. White Hat SEO White Hat zoekmachine optimalisatie (SEO) is het optimaliseren van een website voor de gebruiker. Door de kwaliteit van de website te verbeteren zal de website organisch (natuurlijk) groeien.Omdat de kwaliteit van de website en de artikelen stijgt, zullen de kwaliteitsfactoren die Google hanteert om een website te beoordelen vanzelf aangeven dat de website beter is geworden. Geoptimaliseerde artikelen krijgen automatisch meer relevante en kwalitatieve links en social shares. Met optimaliseren bedoelen we dan de kwaliteit en relevantie van het artikel verbeteren. White hat SEO is voornamelijk on-page optimalisatie (op de website zelf). Het komt er op neer dat je de beste website in jouw niche (markt) maakt. Gray Hat SEO Gray Hat SEO is het stimuleren van de groei van de aspecten die de kwaliteit en relevantie van een website aangeven. De werkzaamheden die onder Gray Hat SEO vallen onder het grijze gebied van SEO (zoals de naam al aangeeft). De meeste online marketeers en SEO’ers gebruiken een combinatie van White Hat SEO en een beetje Gray Hat SEO. Dus het verbeteren van de website en het stimuleren van de groei. Onder Gray Hat SEO valt het herschrijven van een artikel voor een specifiek zoekwoord, artikel marketing  op niet kwalitatieve sites, betaalde links, een link toevoegen bij linkdirectory’s, site netwerk van vele niet relevante/kwalitatieve websites, link ruil, specifieke anchortekst, oude domeinnamen kopen en doorverwijzen etc. Gray hat is niet zo zeer slecht, maar zeker ook niet optimaal. Google ontwikkelt haar algoritme constant. Het kan dus zijn dat Google vroeg of laat sommige gray hat tactieken aanpakt. Blackhat SEO Blackhat zoekmachine optimalisatie is het manipuleren van het algoritme om hoger te ranken. Blackhat SEO’ers optimaliseren enkel voor de zoekmachine en letten niet op de bezoeker. Hieronder valt het automatisch creëren van links met spambots (duizenden per dag), verborgen teksten, keyword stuffing, cloaking en doorway pages. (Bijna) elke blackhat tactiek zorgt voor korte termijn rankings. Op lange termijn wordt de website bestraft en kan helemaal verdwijnen in de rankings. Al om al In principe is het nutteloos is om in ‘hats’ te denken en op basis van de eigenschappen te optimaliseren. Maak gewoon de beste website in jouw niche met de beste informatie.

Clickbait is an eye catching and deceptive headline written with the sole purpose of making you click on it. It says one thing in the headline and another thing on the site. It uses expressions to entice you such as “You won’t believe …” , “Important news about …”, “Shocking!! You need to see this…” and so on and so forth. This deceiving technique will decrease your CTR, and on the long run, it’s bad for your site. Usually, those who use clickbait want to generate income based on the number of clicks. You can see this excessive technique in tabloids, where it is widely spread. An excellent example of clickbait is offered for “free” by Xpango, which says that it can give you a free Apple iPad and even promises in the description that it’s “not catch and it’s free”.

White hats drive in the right lane, while the black Lamborghini is getting pulled over and given a ticket for speeding 50 mph over the limit in the fast lane. Granted, it’s quite possible that Lamborghini may never get that ticket as you’re watching it zoom by, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t a cop just a few miles up the road waiting with a radar gun.

Smithy November 24th Not sure I really agree on the keyword rich internal links. If you look at Skyscanner.net, Expedia.com, Tripadivsor.com and Cheapflights.co.uk all those sites rank well and heavily use over-optimised internal linking. Reply

Bottom of the page humor A man walks into a bar and notices a glass jar filled to the brim with $20 bills. He asks the bartender what the jar is for and he replies "It's a challenge - it's twenty bucks to try, and whoever can complete the challenge gets the money in the jar. No one has successfully completed it yet." "What is the challenge?" the man asks. "First, you have to drink a bottle of fire vodka, and do so without crying. Then, you have to take an infected tooth from a vicious attack dog, and lastly, you have to give the 95 year old ex-nun who lives upstairs the time of her life in bed." The man thinks about it. After a few drinks he decides to do it. With tears running down his face, he manages to drink the fire vodka. Next, he goes out into the back where the vicious attack dog lives. Everyone in the bar hears growling, moaning, and the dog yelping and simpering. After half an hour, the man stumbles back in, shirt torn and bloody, and slurs "Whereis the95 year old-nun with the sore toooth?" Next One

Scraping content is stealing content from other publishers with a little help from scripts and post it on your website. It is an interesting practice because it was the subject of some cases regarding breaching copyright of the original site owner. Hatching scraped content is not only forbidden but also illegal in the United States and other countries. For example, in 2011 in Canada there was a cased called Century 21 Canada Limited Partnership v. Rogers Communications Inc., 2011 BCSC 1196  which stated that “The prohibited uses expressly include but are not limited to “screen scraping”, “database scraping” and any other activity intended to collect, store, re-organize, summarize or manipulate any Content (whether via an automatic program or a manual process).” It is against Google Guidelines, also. Over the time, thereappeared that sidebar with “latest news” implemented by webmasters, but some of them got carried away and published too much information. You should be careful with how much information you post on other sites so that you won’t upset the big G.

Doorway pages can also be considered a form of cloaking and are large sets of pages which are each optimised for a keyword or phrase in order to direct the user to one site. Again, they are designed to manipulate bots and trick users into visiting a site they didn’t intend to. These can also be multiple pages on the same site that have keywords such as locations, so that the site can take advantage of as many keywords as possible.

Written by Razvan Gavrilas He is the proud Founder & Chief Architect of cognitiveSEO, an SEO Toolset focused on in-depth analysis of ranking signals. With over 8 years experience in affiliate marketing and search engine optimization and 12 years in programming and web development, he has gone from Web Developer to Super Affiliate for large international networks. With a strong focus on everything that is Search Engine related, he developed strategies to stand-out search engine updates. His passion for search engine marketing led him to create his own SEO Toolset, trying to solve the issues that he is facing in the search engine optimization field.

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20 Grey Hat SEO Techniques. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from http://www.mykeblack.com/blog/seo/20-grey-hat-seo-techniques.

44 Black Hat SEO Techniques That Will Tank Your Site. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://cognitiveseo.com/blog/12169/44-black-hat-seo-techniques/.

Grey Hat SEO Techniques That Work | Cucumber Nebula. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from http://www.cucumbernebula.com/blog/grey-hat-seo-techniques/.

Grey Hat SEO Techniques: Should You Use Them? | Unamo Blog. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://unamo.com/blog/seo/grey-hat-seo-techniques.

SEO 101: Meet the White Hats, Gray Hats, Black Hats & Asshats .... (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/opinion/2214534/seo-101-meet-the-white-hats-gray-hats-black-hats-asshats.

SEO Tactics: A Comparison Of Black, Grey & White Hat SEO .... (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from http://www.bitrebels.com/technology/seo-tactics-legality-infographic/.

White hat, Gray hat en Black hat SEO. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://000.nl/white-hat-gray-hat-en-black-hat-seo/.

Reputation X. (1970). What is Gray Hat SEO. Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://www.reputationx.com/orm/definition/gray-hat-seo.

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As of January 2015, more than 23.3% of the top 10 million websites now use WordPress. You get to determine, for each post type, which taxonomy to show. Plus, with GoDaddy Managed WordPress, you get:

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Get support from our experts through email or live chat. Expert Teachers Learn from industry experts who are passionate about teaching. Instead, click and hold on the image and select Send to Editor.



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The Flow team patrols flow across the entire WordPress ecosystem on every device we have at hand. Notice that in entering the details screen, you enter your site title, your desired user name, your choice of a password (twice), and your e-mail address. And if you ever have questions, don't hesitate to contact our award-winning 24x7 support team. Using the same code, the Yoast SEO plugin now gives way more granular control over this breadcrumb. WordPress also supports the Trackback and Pingback standards for displaying links to other sites that have themselves linked to a post or an article. We test, document, and report on the WordPress user experience. Full Review Automattic, Inc June 7, 2017 This sounds like it could be a bad install. A secure website you can count on Your site will always be available, secure, and automatically backed up. After days of searching, consulting with friends and nearing a deadline to launch a project near to my heart, I'm still stuck trying to figure out a "1-click install" solution. This is due to a problem with TinyMCE (the rich text editor) not getting enough information during the drag operation to construct the path to the image or other file correctly. And should you run into any trouble along the way, our support forums are a great resource, where seasoned WordPress experts volunteer their time to help you get the most out of your blog. Make It Mine Connect Share your work with the world through Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks. This is 27.5% of the top 10 million websites.

If you use the Rich Text Editor on a blog that's installed in a subdirectory, and drag a newly uploaded image into the editor field, the image may vanish a couple seconds later. After scouring numerous threads and forums I still have yet to figure out why Bitnami won't allow me to SSH into the back end JUST to change permissions so I can adjust the cache to upload a WP theme. Learn more about Meta »

WordPress also features integrated link management; a search engine–friendly, clean permalink structure; the ability to assign multiple categories to posts; and support for tagging of posts. It gives you access to thousands of free themes and plugins that help simplify the design process and allow you to add powerful features with just a few clicks. If not, let us know in "Help & Support" > "Contact us" and we'll check it out.

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I am so happy I finally discovered this app because as a mother of 2, it is very hard to sit in front of a computer and blog my life away. Full control, that’s what this entire Yoast SEO plugin is about.

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And WordPress themes is what this page is about! What are they? Glad you asked. This course shows how to create an intranet site, from planning, to configuration, administration, and maintenance.

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With our nifty auto-migration feature, you can migrate your WordPress site to us with one click. You can cancel, upgrade, or downgrade online at any time. Your words can be read by anyone in the world. Now, the one that earned Bitnami a 1-star install. We are talking about pre-designed and pre-built layouts that you can apply to your website. Should be simple, right? Not with this product. As of February 2017, WordPress is used by 58.7% of all the websites whose content management system we know. Note all this information can be changed later in your Administration Screens.

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If you are using a hosting provider, you may already have a WordPress database set up for you, or there may be an automated setup solution to do so. On top of that, Insights shows you the 5 words or word combinations that appear most often in your text. Leave the box checked if you would like your blog to be visible to everyone, including search engines, and uncheck the box if you want to block search engines, but allow normal visitors. With this feature, you can check if the topics you discuss in your text line up with what you’re aiming to write about. Connect with a community of users through forums, guided courses, and events around the world. What color will the background be? How will a link be highlighted when you hover with your mouse? Will it have a large slider in the homepage? That’s what a theme is about.

Build an audience Use our social media syndication, sharing buttons, SEO tools, and insightful site statistics to increase your traffic and monitor your growth. Themes may be directly installed using the WordPress "Appearance" administration tool in the dashboard, or theme folders may be copied directly into the themes directory, for example via FTP. The most popular autoinstallers, WordPress Toolkit, Cloudron, Fantastico, Installatron, and Softaculous are described here.

HK Smith June 3, 2017 I'm sick of this app constantly closing on me in the middle of editing posts. Having the ability to blog from my phone with this user friendly and super simple app, I have been able to keep up with my blog and my life. Its visual design and its interactions. WordPress themes are generally classified into two categories: free and premium. Learn Anywhere Switch between devices without losing your place. Awesome! Love it.

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WordPress users may install and switch between different themes. Automatic filters are also included, providing standardized formatting and styling of text in posts (for example, converting regular quotes to smart quotes). What’s Next? With our famous 5-minute installation, setting up WordPress for the first time is simple. Not sure how to log in? Check “How can I access my WordPress installation?” below. Currently, this feature is only available in selected languages.

Start Build the site of your dreams with WordPress.com. Please try deleting the app, restarting your device, and reinstalling the app from the app store to see if that fixes it. Yea, whatever. We’ve created a handy guide to see you through the installation process. Start with $200 in ad credits, on us. Our in-house WordPress experts can guide you through creating, updating or even promoting your website or blog.
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WordPress: Creating an Intranet Website with Morten Rand-Hendriksen Provide shared access to files and resources within your organization by setting up an intranet website using WordPress. Through continuous dogfooding and visual records, we understand not only what is wrong, but also what is right. WordPress users may also create and develop their own custom themes. WordPress posts can be edited in HTML, using the visual editor, or using one of a number of plugins that allow for a variety of customized editing features. The solution is to NOT drag uploaded images into the editor. Start Your 30-Day Free Trial Now If you've never had a membership to Lynda.com, you'll get 30 days of free unlimited access to our extensive library. Many free themes are listed in the WordPress theme directory, and premium themes are available for purchase from marketplaces and individual WordPress developers. You get to determine for each post, page and taxonomy, what title to use for that specific entity in the breadcrumb paths it appears in.

Gurukul System or Education

For UK students beginning their studies in September 2017, the University of Birmingham will charge the maximum approved tuition fee per year. The fees for your first year of study will therefore be £9,250.



Children’s Society Records and Archive Centre Founded in 1881 as the Church of England Waifs and Strays Society to contribute to the late nineteenth century child saving movement. It operated a large number of residential homes for children on a voluntary basis, and also under the auspices of the Industrial School Acts and the Poor Law. It holds the records of some, though not all of these schools, the Society’s central records and case papers relating to thousands of individual children.



Combining education with other subjects provides opportunities for those who wish to work in professions associated with education, but who don't wish necessarily to become teachers. Please note that this course doesn't allow you to qualify as a teacher, though joint honours Education graduates will be able to explore postgraduate routes into teaching careers (via the PGDE).



This module explores some of key developments in the scholarship of history as an academic discipline by surveying a variety of approaches used in constructing and interpreting the past. It will focus on what the historian can claim to know, the post-modernist challenge, and seek to engage students in methodological debates.

Lord Curzon, the Viceroy 1899-1905, made mass education a high priority after finding that no more than 20% of India's children attended school. His reforms centered on literacy training and on restructuring of the university systems. They stressed ungraded curricula, modern textbooks, and new examination systems. Curzon's plans for technical education laid the foundations which were acted upon by later governments.

The History of Education MA critically analyses the experience of education and learning from the 18th century to the present day. You will engage with oral, written and visual sources in an exciting intellectual atmosphere. The knowledge, skills and understanding you gain will provide a solid foundation for career development.

The module will be taught in an intensive field study mode, based on a series of visits to regional Cathedrals and Minsters where there will be an opportunity to study the religious culture of past societies at different sites. There will be a briefing session beforehand to introduce the aims of the module to the participants and to deal with practical issues. During the visit there will be lectures, workshops and guided visits to places of importance. Students will plan and carry out practical research related to their chosen topics and will give presentations and prepare final assessment tasks.

After 1868 reformers set Japan on a rapid course of modernization, with a public education system like that of Western Europe. Missions like the Iwakura mission were sent abroad to study the education systems of leading Western countries. They returned with the ideas of decentralization, local school boards, and teacher autonomy. Elementary school enrollments climbed from about 40 or 50 percent of the school-age population in the 1870s to more than 90 percent by 1900, despite strong public protest, especially against school fees.

Raikes used his newspaper to publicize the schools and bore most of the cost in the early years. The movement began in July 1780 in the home of a Mrs. Meredith. Only boys attended, and she heard the lessons of the older boys who coached the younger. Later, girls also attended. Within two years, several schools opened in and around Gloucester. Raikes published an account on November 3, 1783 of Sunday School in his paper, and later word of the work spread through the Gentleman's Magazine, and in 1784, a letter to the Arminian Magazine.

We assess students not only the basis of the knowledge they gained, but also the skills that they have acquired. You’ll be assessed in a variety of ways, and these may be different with each module that you take. You will be assessed through coursework which may take the form of essays, group and individual presentations and formal exams. Students also prepare portfolios of experiences and activities which enhances their employability on graduation. Our assessment strategy does not just deliver grades. It seeks to widen horizons and to promote self-development so that our graduates are valued for their leadership and problem solving capabilities.

Strath Life Find out everything you need to know about life at Strathclyde! School of Humanities Find out more about studying with us. Study with us Thinking of joining us at Strathclyde? We can help with any questions. School of Education Find out more about studying with us. International students We've a thriving international community at the University of Strathclyde, with students coming here to study from countries across the world. Life in Glasgow We're one of Europe's most vibrant cities. Voted the ‘friendliest city in the world’ in a recent Rough Guide poll, we're also named a must-visit destination in the New York Times, The Guardian and Wanderlust. Undergraduate Prospectus 2018 now available Download or order our new undergraduate 2018 prospectus.

Having seen the videos about history of deaf education, I felt I wasn't the only one experienced some difficulties in school through my education years in the 70s. I am not blaming my parents for putting me through to mainstream schools with a hearing impiared unit because I think they were mis-informed or being pressurised by a local authority back then. Where I am now, my English is quite reasonable (thanks to my parents who taught me written English every night after school - it was exhausting!) however, the downside with mainstream schools was lack of awareness of deaf needs and communication. There were times we feel isolated away from hearing groups because we didn't have communication support and only rely on amplified hearing aids. Hearing people seemed to think if we were wearing hearing aid we should hear - how naive! Since I left school with small signing skills, I became more involved with deaf community because I feel fit in deaf world and became disconnected away from my hearing friends whom I don't see very often now. I use a lot of signing now which I enjoy. Having seen the videos, it seemed that deaf children are treated like 'guinea pigs' because no-one seems to know what is best for them and always goes back to drawing board 'A' to find the best way for them. I feel hearing people should step away and let deaf people involved in research because all appeared organised by hearing people with no experience of being deaf or involved in deaf culture, etc. They need to be realistic and everyone is different. Rants over! Posted on 11th Mar 2016 160311

We're one of Europe's most vibrant cities. Voted the ‘friendliest city in the world’ in a recent Rough Guide poll, we're also named a must-visit destination in the New York Times, The Guardian and Wanderlust.

This information is added to Discovery, our catalogue. It is also edited and used to produce thematic digests, including one relating to education history. The digests are made available through this website and distributed for publication in a number of learned journals and newsletters. Further information is available at Accessions to Repositories.

Our School of Education is set in beautiful landscaped gardens above the River Wear and overlooks both the Castle and Cathedral. As well as an attractive work environment, it offers excellent study facilities, including a department library with a wide range of books (over 60,000 volumes) and periodicals.

This class will explore the plantations that took place in Ulster during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Students will examine the emergence of the idea for plantation in Ireland, why Ulster was regarded as suitable for plantation, and the various endeavours by English and Scots to settle in the north of Ireland, whether by private enterprise or by the state. This will culminate in the official Plantation of Ulster, a 'British' project initiated by James VI and I in the early years of his reign as king of England, Ireland and Scotland. Students will also look at a couple of cases studies of individuals who were involved in plantation, enabling a detailed study of the political, social, economic and confessional reasons why they chose to migrate to and settle in Ireland at this time.

Having seen the videos about history of deaf education, I felt I wasn't the only one experienced some difficulties in school through my education years in the 70s. I am not blaming my parents for putting me through to mainstream schools with a hearing impiared unit because I think they were mis-informed or being pressurised by a local authority back then. Where I am now, my English is quite reasonable (thanks to my parents who taught me written English every night after school - it was exhausting!) however, the downside with mainstream schools was lack of awareness of deaf needs and communication. There were times we feel isolated away from hearing groups because we didn't have communication support and only rely on amplified hearing aids. Hearing people seemed to think if we were wearing hearing aid we should hear - how naive! Since I left school with small signing skills, I became more involved with deaf community because I feel fit in deaf world and became disconnected away from my hearing friends whom I don't see very often now. I use a lot of signing now which I enjoy. Having seen the videos, it seemed that deaf children are treated like 'guinea pigs' because no-one seems to know what is best for them and always goes back to drawing board 'A' to find the best way for them. I feel hearing people should step away and let deaf people involved in research because all appeared organised by hearing people with no experience of being deaf or involved in deaf culture, etc. They need to be realistic and everyone is different. Rants over! Posted on 11th Mar 2016 160311 As a profoundly deaf English teacher, this strikes a chord with me. Communication was absolutely vital in my childhood. My school in Scotland incorporated the total communication method, then I was placed in a mainstream school. It was certainly effective as I had the benefit of sign language and integration into the mainstream community which prepared me more for the real world. It will be interesting to see how education for the deaf develops in the future. I can say for certain that I'll be throwing in my contribution to any debate on this! Posted on 11th Mar 2016 160311 Wish everything deaf verd hello Posted on 11th Mar 2016 160311 Heartbreakingly informative! Shocking, that deaf children/deaf community, are still fighting for the right, to an effective education, in this 21st Century!! Posted on 29th Apr 2015 150429 I wish to develop bsl skills to become part of the community & support general wellbeing of deaf and hard hearing people. Posted on 29th Apr 2015 150429 very strong programme. Posted on 29th Apr 2015 150429 As a university student, looking into the history of deaf education in the UK, this video was most beneficial. As well as researching for my degree, this also provides much background knowledge into deafness which interests me on a personal level, as my brother is severely deaf and was educated at RSDCM. Very interesting! Posted on 22nd Jan 2014 140122 I am Deaf and from Deaf School in the 60's - then went onto a Hearing School my education there was a nightmare. Very badly educated. They didn't have any idea how to teach a Deaf child and to be told to sit at the back of the class. All teachers should be able to Sign and talk in all lessons which gives equal access to their learning. Posted on 24th Jul 2013 130724 I am a hearing person really interested in the Deaf culture and am learning Auslan Sign Language. Because of my interest I have self-published a book The Clamour of Silence. A romance between a profoundly Deaf woman and a hearing man. It has been well received I am a public speaker and present my boojk to various groups, selling my book. Part of the proceeds are given to RIDBC (Royal Institure of Deaf and Blind Children.) I do this to show people a little of the Deaf culture in Australia Posted on 24th Jul 2013 130724 A most frank look at the difficulties of education of Deaf children. Posted on 24th Jul 2013 130724 As a hearing person currently learning BSL I watched this program and am horrified at the way deaf people have had decisions made by hearing people!! I feel sign should be part of mainstream education for everyone we learn languages why not sign it should not be we should have a barrier when speaking to other British people just because they can't hear and we are ignorant of their method of communication. I hope in future improvements will be made based on information provided from deaf people as to what would benefit them most. Not people who can't comprehend what they are going through. Posted on 13th Feb 2013 130213 I am Deaf and from Deaf School since 1960. I currently working on my project to produce a book entitled 'This is my Deaf life' about 150 pages. The book will have three volumes and will have deaf cartoons with written comments to high my points. I would like to say that Deaf Education in my time at school had been a big failure due to the predominance of oralism. We were educated-ly damaged to say the least! I hope to complete and get it published later this year. Do you know of any publisher? Thanks, Ian Funnell Posted on 13th Feb 2013 130213 Hello, I am writing to you that Deaf Congress in the Philippines was launched to grow up with Deaf Filipino community and different presenters of our local regions so that those Deaf or HOH or Deafened can witness their stands upon issues or what topics they can speak with oral sppech or use of sign languaging since the start of 2007. We will prepare the projecting agenda for Deaf Educations in 2015? We are hoping that we can look forward to hearing from your next replyas soon as you can? Thank you sharing our idea about what matters. Posted on 26th Dec 2012 121226 Hello from Canada, I understand the issues here as I was mainstreamed growing up. I work now as a CSW in a High School in Canada. The program has made me want to learn BSL and come over to work! There is a great need! Posted on 26th Dec 2012 121226 I am profoundly deaf. I studied Functional Skills at level 2 maths in a mainstream college. I failed the exams twice. Profoundly deaf people are kinesthetic and visual learners. Posted on 26th Dec 2012 121226 Re; the conclusion; "It's time for a new royal commission to look at the future of deaf education.." - is anyone currently working to make this happen? Posted on 13th Jul 2012 120713

The House of Wisdom in Baghdad was a library, translation and educational centre from the 9th to 13th centuries. Works on astrology, mathematics, agriculture, medicine, and philosophy were translated. Drawing on Persian, Indian and Greek texts—including those of Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, Euclid, Plotinus, Galen, Sushruta, Charaka, Aryabhata and Brahmagupta—the scholars accumulated a great collection of knowledge in the world, and built on it through their own discoveries. The House was an unrivalled centre for the study of humanities and for sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, zoology and geography. Baghdad was known as the world's richest city and centre for intellectual development of the time, and had a population of over a million, the largest in its time.

Vedic education included: proper pronunciation and recitation of the Veda, the rules of sacrifice, grammar and derivation, composition, versification and meter, understanding of secrets of nature, reasoning including logic, the sciences, and the skills necessary for an occupation. Some medical knowledge existed and was taught. There is mention in the Veda of herbal medicines for various conditions or diseases, including fever, cough, baldness, snake bite and others.
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The Gurukul system of education supported traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher's house or a monastery. Education was free, but students from well-to-do families paid "Gurudakshina," a voluntary contribution after the completion of their studies. At the Gurukuls, the teacher imparted knowledge of Religion, Scriptures, Philosophy, Literature, Warfare, Statecraft, Medicine, Astrology and History. The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as technical scientific, philosophical and generally Hindu religious texts, though many central texts of Buddhism and Jainism have also been composed in Sanskrit.

Education Studies and History provides students with a learning experience that is both challenging and highly rewarding. The programme develops your ability to understand and analyse the past, to organise information, to achieve independence of thought and analyse how children and adults learn in educational settings today. You will have the opportunity to develop employability skills and knowledge through volunteering, events, field trips to historical sites, workshops and work placements with local partners in history and heritage. Students will also engage with research placements, organising talks and social events. You can benefit from a high level of flexibility in your degree pathway. Module choices do not need to be made until the second year and you may choose whether to major in Education or in History or to keep an even split of subjects. You will be taught by an enthusiastic and experienced team who have substantial research, writing and teaching experience, in schools, colleges and higher education. Joint Honours in Education Studies and History can set you on a range of career paths including work within the heritage sector, museum work, law and business, teaching and research, social work or progression to postgraduate study.

The second part of a documentary telling the story of 400 years of Deaf education in the UK. Following the 1880 Milan conference, a policy of oralism was adopted, later encouraged by new technology such as audiograms. But a 1970s report showing that Deaf children were leaving school at 16 with a reading age of less than 10, led to more Deaf children being given a mainstream education. The documentary explores how communication in mainstream classes works and whether parents are making an informed choice about how they educate their child. Presented by Louise Harte. To watch the first part of this documentary, click here.

Noreen

See the impact of our work Sehrish: Girl Power helped me continue my studies Plan International Pakistan’s Girl Power Programme is supporting young women like Sehrish to continue their studies and move on to further education so they can follow their ambitions.   Toilets keep women and girls healthy and safe Plan International Pakistan and partners are helping women and girls to stay healthy and safe by improving access to toilets and reducing levels of open defecation.  How a seesaw became a vital water source at school See how a recreational seesaw became a vital water pump for a school in Vehrai, Pakistan, providing clean water to thousands of school girls. Female-only rickshaw breaks barriers for women The launch of a female-only rickshaw taxi service in Punjab Chakwal in Pakistan aims to provide women with a level of safety and security that is otherwise difficult to find, alongside an empowered sense of mobility, as they travel throughout their city.  A fresh start The story of one young women's journey to independence following life altering consequences of an early marriage. 'Handy Skills' training sparks a business idea Something very interesting is happening in south Punjab - young women are training to work as electricians. In a region that is host to patriarchal societies that cling to traditions, these young women challenge gender stereotypes every day. Protecting their rights Domestic workers in the slums of Islamabad stick together to demand equal treatment. Youth advocates improve access to quality education Plan International, in collaboration with Oxfam GB, Action Aid, Care International and Work Vision, has entered into an alliance called Girls Education Alliance Pakistan (GEAP) to ensure the participation of children in decision making via powerful advocacy campaigns.



Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population. Nevertheless, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan’s GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012. Official unemployment was 6.1% in 2016, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region.



In August, the Supreme Court ruled for the first time on cases from these courts, upholding the verdicts and death sentences imposed on 16 civilians. The Court ruled that the appellants had not proved that the military violated their constitutional rights or failed to follow procedure. According to lawyers, the accused were denied access to legal counsel of their choice, and to military court records when preparing their appeals. Some of the accused were allegedly subjected to enforced disappearance, torture and other ill-treatment, and at least two were reportedly under 18 when arrested.



1 / 5 Caption This satellite image dramatically delineates the fertile and well-watered lower Indus Valley in Pakistan and the more arid areas to the east (Thar Desert in India) and west (Balochistan Plateau). Red dots indicate burning fires. Image courtesy of NASA. DimensionsFile SizeDownload 946X710122.3 KB Usage Factbook photos - obtained from a variety of sources - are in the public domain and are copyright free. Agency Copyright Notice 2 / 5 Caption A centuries-old settlement that now ranks among the world's largest, Pakistan's seaport city of Karachi mixes intense urbanization with remnants of a natural environment. This true-color satellite image of Karachi shows the southwestern edges of the city.Two rivers, the Lyari and Malir, pass through Karachi en route to the Arabian Sea. The Lyari River passes north of the Port of Karachi, and expansive salt works, appearing as large geometric areas of green, line the northern edge of that river's delta. East of the port, the Malir River flows southward toward the sea. Between the port and the Arabian Sea, a barrier island runs northwest-southeast (left edge of the image). East of this island and west of the port sits a large expanse of water and mangroves. Water in the Lyari River Delta must empty into the sea through the Baba Channel. Sediment colors the water flowing through that channel a lighter color than the surrounding ocean. Immediately east of the Port of Karachi lie two more mangroves, the larger of which is named Chinna Creek.Many of Karachi's oldest structures and most popular tourist attractions appear in the city center just northeast of the port, but street grids cover almost all of the available land outside of the mangroves. Photo courtesy of NASA. DimensionsFile SizeDownload 720X480100.5 KB Usage Factbook photos - obtained from a variety of sources - are in the public domain and are copyright free. Agency Copyright Notice 3 / 5 Caption This view shows K-2 Mountain (upper center) in Pakistan, the world's second highest peak, as seen from the International Space Station. The mountain (8,611 m; 28,251 ft high) is sometimes referred to as Savage Mountain, because of the difficulty of its ascent and the many lives lost in attempting its climb. Image courtesy of NASA. DimensionsFile SizeDownload 639X42376.6 KB Usage Factbook photos - obtained from a variety of sources - are in the public domain and are copyright free. Agency Copyright Notice 4 / 5 Caption Deep purple and green hues in this false-color satellite image enhance the Waziristan Hills, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan near the Afghanistan border. A formidable landscape, the Waziristan Hills are a hodgepodge of steep, rugged hills split by narrow passes and deep gorges. Rivers coursing down from the mountains provide water for agriculture in a region of scanty rainfall. Image courtesy of USGS. DimensionsFile SizeDownload 1392X1500663.2 KB Usage Factbook photos - obtained from a variety of sources - are in the public domain and are copyright free. Agency Copyright Notice 5 / 5 Caption The Hunza Valley in the Northern Areas is believed to have served as the inspiration for the novel Lost Horizons. DimensionsFile SizeDownload 1500X930172.0 KB Usage Factbook photos - obtained from a variety of sources - are in the public domain and are copyright free. Agency Copyright Notice

A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Last night, a suicide attack on a shrine in Pakistan killed at least 88 people and injured a further 250 at last count. This comes just two days after a suicide bomber attacked a rally in Lahore, the cultural heart of Pakistan, and killed over a dozen people. Isis has claimed responsibility for the deaths, causing terror and distress across the country.

Population Pyramid A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Welcome to Pakistan Post Pakistan Post has a broad and varied role to play beyond provision of communication link for individuals and businesses. Keeping pace with the changing communications market, Pakistan Post is emphasizing in the use of new communication and information technologies to move beyond what is traditionally regarded as a its core postal business. Pakistan post is committed to make secure and timely delivery of mail, money and material at the doorsteps of the customers at affordable cost. Economic Cooperation Organization (Postal Staff College Islamabad Pakistan)

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State and non-state actors continued to discriminate against religious minorities, both Muslim and non-Muslim, in law and practice. Blasphemy laws remained in force and several new cases were registered, mostly in Punjab. The laws violated the rights to freedom of expression, thought, conscience and religion. Minorities, particularly Ahmadis, Hazaras and Dalits, continued to face restricted access to employment, health care, education and other basic services.

A centuries-old settlement that now ranks among the world's largest, Pakistan's seaport city of Karachi mixes intense urbanization with remnants of a natural environment. This true-color satellite image of Karachi shows the southwestern edges of the city.Two rivers, the Lyari and Malir, pass through Karachi en route to the Arabian Sea. The Lyari River passes north of the Port of Karachi, and expansive salt works, appearing as large geometric areas of green, line the northern edge of that river's delta. East of the port, the Malir River flows southward toward the sea. Between the port and the Arabian Sea, a barrier island runs northwest-southeast (left edge of the image). East of this island and west of the port sits a large expanse of water and mangroves. Water in the Lyari River Delta must empty into the sea through the Baba Channel. Sediment colors the water flowing through that channel a lighter color than the surrounding ocean. Immediately east of the Port of Karachi lie two more mangroves, the larger of which is named Chinna Creek.Many of Karachi's oldest structures and most popular tourist attractions appear in the city center just northeast of the port, but street grids cover almost all of the available land outside of the mangroves. Photo courtesy of NASA.

Mr. Mohammad Zahid Khokhar is one of the most outstanding and illustrious officers of Pakistan Customs Service. He started his laudable service career on 22nd Oct. 1985 and has, so far, given more than 32 years of his life to Pakistan Customs Service. He belongs to the 13th batch of Common Training Program (CTP). He is widely known and praised for his higher caliber, tireless professionalism and unbending integrity. He joined civil service after completing masters in Political Science from the University of Punjab. He attended a number of national as well as international training courses/workshops and has been to countries like China, UK, Switzerland, Philippines, Thailand and Japan. He has a varied service experience by virtue of serving at various key positions throughout the country. As Collector of Customs he served at Lahore, Sialkot, Quetta, and Faisalabad, and also served as Director Intelligence & Investigation at Karachi and Lahore. Before his current assignment, he served as Chief Collector (Enforcement) Karachi.

Pakistani Rupee History Currency in British India Much of the monetary history of Pakistan is shared with that of India, as Pakistan was part of India up until 1947. In 1825, British India adopted a silver standard system based on the Rupee and was used until the late 20th century. Although India was a colony of Britain, it never accepted the Sterling Pound. In 1866, financial establishments collapsed and control of paper money was shifted to the British government, with the presidency banks being dismantled a year later. That same year, the Victoria Portrait series of notes was issued in honor of Queen Victoria, and remained in use for approximately 50 years. The Pakistani Rupee Post-Independence When Pakistan became independent in 1947, Indian Rupees with a Pakistan stamp were used as a temporary currency. One year later, in1948, the Pakistani Rupee was introduced keeping its peg to the British Pound. In 1961, the Pakistani Rupee was decimalized, and the annas subunits were replaced with the paise. The Pakistani Rupee changed to a managed float regime in 1982.

We read every letter, fax, or e-mail we receive, and we will convey your comments to CIA officials outside OPA as appropriate. However, with limited staff and resources, we simply cannot respond to all who write to us.

You will be picked up at your hotel in Amritsar around 09:00 AM and transported to the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) with your English-speaking tour guide. The Golden Temple is a prominent Sikh Gurdwara built by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan in the 16th Century. After Golden Temple, visit Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden that houses a memorial of national importance, established in 1951 to commemorate the massacre by British occupying forces.After Jallianwala Bagh explore Hall Bazar and other local bazaars. Later enjoy your Lunch at a local restaurant. After some relaxation around 3 PM drive to Wagah Border for the evening beating retreat ceremony. Wagah border post has become famous for the ceremonial closing of gates and lowering of flags of India and Pakistan. When the ceremony reaches a crescendo, the soldiers return to the border line for the final handshake and afterwards no glance is exchanged and the gates are close. Watch the ceremony from the VIP or foreigner gallery (Indian Passport holder Not eligible for VIP Entry, they have to sit in common gallery). When the ceremony ends, you will be taken back to your hotel in Amritsar.

Currency in British India Much of the monetary history of Pakistan is shared with that of India, as Pakistan was part of India up until 1947. In 1825, British India adopted a silver standard system based on the Rupee and was used until the late 20th century. Although India was a colony of Britain, it never accepted the Sterling Pound. In 1866, financial establishments collapsed and control of paper money was shifted to the British government, with the presidency banks being dismantled a year later. That same year, the Victoria Portrait series of notes was issued in honor of Queen Victoria, and remained in use for approximately 50 years. The Pakistani Rupee Post-Independence When Pakistan became independent in 1947, Indian Rupees with a Pakistan stamp were used as a temporary currency. One year later, in1948, the Pakistani Rupee was introduced keeping its peg to the British Pound. In 1961, the Pakistani Rupee was decimalized, and the annas subunits were replaced with the paise. The Pakistani Rupee changed to a managed float regime in 1982.

The United States and its partners continue to face a growing number of global threats and challenges. The CIA’s mission includes collecting and analyzing information about high priority national security issues such as international terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, cyber attacks, international organized crime and narcotics trafficking, regional conflicts, counterintelligence threats, and the effects of environmental and natural disasters.
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Foreigners, in particular westerners, may be directly targeted. Densely populated unsecured areas, such as markets, shopping malls, restaurants and places where westerners and the Pakistani elite are known to congregate, are potential focal points for attacks. You should be extra vigilant at all times and minimize your exposure to areas that pose a higher risk.

Asia Noreen, a Christian woman sentenced to death for blasphemy in 2010, remained imprisoned in Sheikhupura. On 13 October, the Supreme Court was scheduled to hear her case in the ultimate stage of her appeal process but adjourned it indefinitely.

You guide will pick you up from your hotel in Amritsar at 9.00 am by a private car and drive to Golden Temple. Set amid a pool of holy water and visitors and devotees from all faiths are welcome. Your guide will show you a glimpse of the Sikh temple tradition of offering daily Guru-Ka-Langar, a free community meal that began in the 16th century. As you watch the community kitchen feed up with over 10,000 people, learn about the Sikh principle of equality and practice of eating together. At 11.00 am visit the Jallianwala Bagh located about a quarter mile from the Golden Temple. It is a memorial that commemorates the sacrifices of hundreds of men, women and children who were victims of ruthless firing during Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. You will learn more about India's history while enjoying the beautiful park. Afterwards we will visit Durgiana Temple, a partial replica of the Golden Temple. The Durgiana Temple is situated outside the Lohgarh Gate and dedicated to the Goddess Durga frequented by devout Hindus. At 12:30 noon you will have the opportunity to eat lunch at a local family's house where you will prepare one dish with the help of the host or an alternate venue for cozy lunch. Leave at 2.00 pm for Wagah Border (Indo-Pak Border). En-route brief stopover at Sarhad Resturant for a photo session for India Pak friendship. Wagah Border, The final frontier, around 28 km from Amritsar is the only border crossing between India and Pakistan. Watch from the Gallery, you will experience the Retreat Ceremony that takes place on the Indian Side of the Border. The changing of the guards and the ceremonial lowering of the flags ceremony is carried out with Great Spirit. We will leave around 5.30 pm and transfer you back to your hotel.